feat: add lab-rv32i-freertos-vector-raii card

2026-07-21 19:14:20 +02:00
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+# K03 — Vector V1: destructor, move, ownership and RAII
+
+## Position in the series
+
+- Series: FreeRTOS C++
+- Lesson: L02, card K03
+- Executables: exactly one
+- Kernel: unchanged FreeRTOS V11.3.0 in C
+- C++ mode: freestanding C++17, no exceptions, RTTI or hosted `libstdc++`
+- Starting artifact: the deliberately incomplete `Vector V0` shown on the card
+
+The current K02 card concentrates on `Task<Derived>` and does not require a
+separate Vector exercise.  K03 therefore carries its short V0 starting snippet
+on page 1.  This removes a hidden prerequisite without spending a second card
+on the broken implementation.
+
+## Outcome
+
+After 45 minutes the student can state and prove the one-owner invariant,
+explain why copy operations are deleted, implement the release-before-transfer
+order of move assignment, and show in Hazard3 that normal scope exit returns
+the FreeRTOS heap to its baseline.
+
+## Canonical experiment
+
+```text
+heap baseline
+  -> source(4) owns A
+  -> destination(2) owns B
+  -> destination = move(source)
+       free B
+       destination takes A
+       source becomes {nullptr, 0}
+  -> final_owner(move(destination)) owns A
+  -> final_owner destructor frees A
+  -> two empty moved-from objects destruct without another free
+  -> heap baseline restored
+```
+
+## Lesson plan — 45 minutes
+
+| Time | Mode | Student evidence |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| 0–5 | diagnose V0 | identify leak, shallow-copy double-free risk and missing ownership rule |
+| 5–11 | destructor | connect object scope to `delete[]` and then to `vPortFree()` |
+| 11–17 | copy vs move | justify deleted copy and the empty moved-from state |
+| 17–25 | move assignment | order `release -> take -> clear source`; handle occupied destination and self-move |
+| 25–38 | Hazard3/GDB | replay checkpoints 1–7 and follow buffer A, buffer B, counts and heap bytes |
+| 38–43 | exercise | complete the three state-changing parts of move assignment and test the invariant |
+| 43–45 | exit | explain one-owner, baseline recovery and the limit of RAII under forced task deletion |
+
+## Stable evidence contract
+
+| Point | Required observation |
+| --- | --- |
+| 1 | `g_initial_free` is the reference after heap initialization |
+| 2 | `source.data() == A`, allocation count 1 |
+| 3 | `destination.data() == B`, `A != B`, allocation count 2 |
+| 4 | first freed address is B; destination has A; source is empty |
+| 5 | final owner has the same A; destination is empty |
+| 6 | A is the second freed address; current free equals baseline |
+| 7 | allocations=2, deallocations=2, live=0, `pass=1` |
+
+Numeric heap values are recorded but the assessment relies on relations:
+
+```text
+after_two_owners < initial
+minimum_ever <= after_two_owners
+after_scope == initial
+```
+
+## Student exercise
+
+The destination already owns B.  The learner must put these operations in the
+only safe order and explain each invariant boundary:
+
+```cpp
+if (this != &other) {
+    release();
+    elements_ = other.elements_;
+    size_ = other.size_;
+    other.elements_ = nullptr;
+    other.size_ = 0;
+}
+```
+
+Required reasoning:
+
+1. Taking A before releasing B loses the only pointer to B and leaks it.
+2. Releasing after taking A would free A, the buffer just transferred.
+3. Not clearing the source creates two owners and a later double free.
+4. Omitting the self-move guard releases the only buffer before reading it.
+
+## Acceptance
+
+- host test passes under ASan and UBSan;
+- a copy attempt fails to compile because the operation is deleted;
+- ELF contains no vtable, RTTI, exceptions, dynamic initializer or hosted C++
+  dependency;
+- all six required scalar/array, sized/unsized allocation functions exist;
+- Hazard3 reaches checkpoint 7 with `pass=1`;
+- student connects `delete[] -> operator delete[] -> vPortFree()`;
+- student states that RAII requires normal C++ lifetime completion and does not
+  promise cleanup after arbitrary task termination.
+
@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
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+\begin{document}
+\sloppy
+
+\vspace{1.0em}
+\noindent{\Large\bfseries Cel karty}\par
+\vspace{0.35em}
+Uczeń buduje move-only \texttt{VectorV1}, formułuje inwariant jednego właściciela i śledzi ten sam adres bufora przez move assignment, move construction i destruktor.
+
+\vspace{0.8em}
+\noindent\textcolor{black!25}{\rule{\textwidth}{0.35pt}}
+\vspace{0.7em}
+\noindent{\Large\bfseries Zakres karty}\par
+\vspace{0.35em}
+Jedno zadanie używa prawdziwego \texttt{heap\_4.c} na Hazard3. Kopiowanie jest zabronione, move jest \texttt{noexcept}, a zwykłe i tablicowe warianty new/delete prowadzą do jednego heapu FreeRTOS. Poza zakresem są wzrost pojemności, bounds checking, allocator selection i uruchamianie tasków.
+
+\vspace{0.8em}
+\noindent\textcolor{black!25}{\rule{\textwidth}{0.35pt}}
+
+\clearpage
+
+\ESCSectionBlockStart
+\section{V0 i inwariant jednego właściciela}
+\reversemarginpar
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+}[-3.1em]
+
+
+\begingroup
+\scriptsize\ttfamily\color{black!60}\sloppy
+\noindent drzewka: \pdftooltip[width=\textwidth]{D1}{K03.WE01.OG.LOCAL.OOP.OWN.01 | WE 01: Vector V1 i RAII. Zaprojektowanie i zbadanie move-only\textCR właściciela bufora nad heap\_4. | EN LOCAL OOP.OWN.01: Formułuje inwariant i analizuje cztery\textCR błędne kolejności move assignment. | KW LOCAL OOP.OWN.01: Uzasadnia copy=delete, move\textCR noexcept oraz pusty stan źródła.}\par
+\vspace{0.10em}%
+\noindent K1: Nazwij właściciela, zasób i dwa błędy Vector V0.\quad D1\par
+\ESCTinyStepSeparator
+\noindent K2: Uzasadnij destruktor oraz usunięcie operacji kopiowania.\quad D1\par
+\par\vspace{0.18em}%
+\endgroup
+
+Zdiagnozuj wyciek V0 i ryzyko double free po dodaniu destruktora bez usunięcia kopiowania.
+\ESCSectionBlockEnd
+
+\ESCSectionBlockStart
+\section{Move assignment do zajętego celu}
+\reversemarginpar
+\marginnote[%
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+}[-3.1em]
+
+
+\begingroup
+\scriptsize\ttfamily\color{black!60}\sloppy
+\noindent drzewka: \pdftooltip[width=\textwidth]{D1}{K03.WE01.OG.LOCAL.OOP.OWN.01 | WE 01: Vector V1 i RAII. Zaprojektowanie i zbadanie move-only\textCR właściciela bufora nad heap\_4. | EN LOCAL OOP.OWN.01: Formułuje inwariant i analizuje cztery\textCR błędne kolejności move assignment. | KW LOCAL OOP.OWN.01: Uzasadnia copy=delete, move\textCR noexcept oraz pusty stan źródła.}\par
+\vspace{0.10em}%
+\noindent K1: Zwolnij B przed przejęciem A i wyjaśnij self-move guard.\quad D1\par
+\ESCTinyStepSeparator
+\noindent K2: Wyzeruj źródło i sprawdź stan moved-from.\quad D1\par
+\par\vspace{0.18em}%
+\endgroup
+
+Dla source->A i destination->B ułóż release, transfer pól i wyzerowanie źródła.
+\ESCSectionBlockEnd
+
+\ESCSectionBlockStart
+\section{Hazard3: checkpointy 1–7}
+\reversemarginpar
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+  \raggedright
+  {\fontsize{3.55}{3.95}\selectfont\ttfamily
+    \begin{minipage}[t]{\marginparwidth}%
+    \raggedright
+    {\bfseries\textcolor{black!65}{TECH}\par}%
+    \vspace{0.08em}%
+    \hspace*{0.00em}\textcolor{red}{WE~01}\textcolor{black!48}{}\par%
+    \end{minipage}%
+  }%
+  \end{minipage}%
+]{}[-3.1em]
+\normalmarginpar
+
+\marginnote{%
+  \begin{minipage}{\marginparwidth}%
+  \raggedright
+  {\fontsize{3.55}{3.95}\selectfont\ttfamily
+  \hspace*{0.06cm}%
+    \begin{minipage}[t]{\dimexpr\marginparwidth-0.06cm\relax}%
+    \raggedright
+    {\bfseries\textcolor{black!65}{OG}\par}%
+    \vspace{0.08em}%
+    \hspace*{0.00em}\textcolor{red}{WE~01}\textcolor{black!48}{}\par%
+    \end{minipage}%
+  }%
+  \end{minipage}%
+}[-3.1em]
+
+
+\begingroup
+\scriptsize\ttfamily\color{black!60}\sloppy
+\noindent drzewka: \pdftooltip[width=\textwidth]{D1}{K03.WE01.TECH.LOCAL.DBG.MEM.01 | WE 01: Vector V1 i RAII. Zaprojektowanie i zbadanie\textCR move-only właściciela bufora nad heap\_4. | EK LOCAL DBG.MEM.01: Śledzi adresy właścicieli i\textCR stan heapu na stabilnych checkpointach. | KW LOCAL DBG.MEM.01: Pokazuje B jako pierwszy\textCR free, A jako drugi free i powrót heapu do baseline.}\par
+\vspace{0.10em}%
+\noindent K1: Na STOP 3 zapisz dwa różne adresy i stan heapu.\quad D1\par
+\ESCTinyStepSeparator
+\noindent K2: Na STOP 4 pokaż B jako pierwszy zwolniony adres i A u celu.\quad D1\par
+\ESCTinyStepSeparator
+\noindent K3: Na STOP 7 potwierdź 2/2/0, baseline i PASS.\quad D1\par
+\par\vspace{0.18em}%
+\endgroup
+
+Śledź A i B, liczniki allocation/deallocation oraz relacje current free i minimum-ever.
+\ESCSectionBlockEnd
+
+\ESCSectionBlockStart
+\section{Granica RAII}
+\reversemarginpar
+\marginnote[%
+  \begin{minipage}{\marginparwidth}%
+  \raggedright
+  {\fontsize{3.55}{3.95}\selectfont\ttfamily
+    \begin{minipage}[t]{\marginparwidth}%
+    \raggedright
+    {\bfseries\textcolor{black!65}{TECH}\par}%
+    \vspace{0.08em}%
+    \hspace*{0.00em}\textcolor{red}{WE~01}\textcolor{black!48}{}\par%
+    \end{minipage}%
+  }%
+  \end{minipage}%
+]{}[-3.1em]
+\normalmarginpar
+
+\marginnote{%
+  \begin{minipage}{\marginparwidth}%
+  \raggedright
+  {\fontsize{3.55}{3.95}\selectfont\ttfamily
+  \hspace*{0.06cm}%
+    \begin{minipage}[t]{\dimexpr\marginparwidth-0.06cm\relax}%
+    \raggedright
+    {\bfseries\textcolor{black!65}{OG}\par}%
+    \vspace{0.08em}%
+    \hspace*{0.00em}\textcolor{red}{WE~01}\textcolor{black!48}{}\par%
+    \end{minipage}%
+  }%
+  \end{minipage}%
+}[-3.1em]
+
+
+\begingroup
+\scriptsize\ttfamily\color{black!60}\sloppy
+\noindent drzewka: \pdftooltip[width=\textwidth]{D1}{K03.WE01.OG.LOCAL.OOP.OWN.01 | WE 01: Vector V1 i RAII. Zaprojektowanie i zbadanie move-only\textCR właściciela bufora nad heap\_4. | EN LOCAL OOP.OWN.01: Formułuje inwariant i analizuje cztery\textCR błędne kolejności move assignment. | KW LOCAL OOP.OWN.01: Uzasadnia copy=delete, move\textCR noexcept oraz pusty stan źródła.}\par
+\vspace{0.10em}%
+\noindent K1: Odróżnij normalne wyjście z zakresu od wymuszonego zakończenia taska.\quad D1\par
+\par\vspace{0.18em}%
+\endgroup
+
+RAII wymaga normalnego zakończenia czasu życia C++; arbitralne usunięcie taska bez unwindingu nie uruchamia automatycznie destruktorów jego ramek.
+\ESCSectionBlockEnd
+
+\end{document}
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+\documentclass[10pt]{article}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+\usepackage[polish]{babel}
+\usepackage[a4paper,margin=1.55cm]{geometry}
+\usepackage{array,tabularx,booktabs}
+\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb}
+\usepackage{xcolor,listings}
+\usepackage{hyperref,fancyhdr,lastpage,enumitem}
+
+\definecolor{accent}{HTML}{16324A}
+\definecolor{accentlight}{HTML}{EEF3F7}
+\definecolor{rulegray}{HTML}{D7DEE5}
+\hypersetup{colorlinks=true,linkcolor=accent,urlcolor=blue}
+\IfFileExists{build-meta.tex}{\input{build-meta.tex}}{\newcommand{\BuildCommit}{local}}
+\newcommand{\PublisherDomain}{mpabi}
+\newcommand{\CardArea}{inf}
+\newcommand{\CardSeries}{freertos-cpp}
+\newcommand{\CardNumber}{03}
+\newcommand{\CardCount}{16}
+\newcommand{\CardSlug}{vector-raii}
+\newcommand{\CardVersion}{v00.01}
+\newcommand{\DocumentUUID}{de1a2818-4c30-5760-8b31-255114f82e90}
+\newcommand{\blank}[1]{\rule{#1}{.2pt}}
+
+\lstset{
+  language=C++,basicstyle=\ttfamily\scriptsize,columns=fullflexible,
+  keepspaces=true,frame=single,breaklines=true,showstringspaces=false,
+  numbers=none,backgroundcolor=\color{accentlight},rulecolor=\color{rulegray}
+}
+\pagestyle{fancy}
+\fancyhf{}
+\lhead{\textbf{K03 · FreeRTOS C++ · \texttt{VectorV1}}}
+\rhead{\small L02 · ownership i RAII}
+\lfoot{\scriptsize commit \BuildCommit}
+\cfoot{\scriptsize \thepage/\pageref{LastPage}}
+\rfoot{\scriptsize V11.3.0 / \CardVersion}
+\setlength{\headheight}{14pt}
+\setlength{\footskip}{19pt}
+\setlist[itemize]{nosep,leftmargin=1.45em}
+\setlist[enumerate]{nosep,leftmargin=1.65em}
+
+\begin{document}
+\sloppy
+
+\begin{center}
+  {\LARGE\bfseries \texttt{VectorV1}: destruktor, move i jeden właściciel}\par
+  \vspace{.25em}
+  {\large od wycieku i płytkiej kopii do obserwowalnego RAII}\par
+\end{center}
+
+\noindent\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{@{}p{1.65cm}Xp{1.55cm}X@{}}
+\toprule
+Karta & K03 / \CardCount & Czas & 45 minut \\
+Platforma & Hazard3 / RV32I & Język & freestanding C++17 \\
+Allocator & FreeRTOS \texttt{heap\_4} & Kernel & V11.3.0, bez zmian \\
+Wersja & \CardVersion & UUID karty & \texttt{de1a2818-...} \\
+\bottomrule
+\end{tabularx}
+
+\section*{Punkt startowy: celowo niebezpieczny Vector V0}
+
+\begin{lstlisting}
+class VectorV0 {
+public:
+    explicit VectorV0(size_t n)
+        : elements_{n ? new double[n] : nullptr}, size_{n} {}
+private:
+    double *elements_;
+    size_t size_;
+}; // brak destruktora; kopiowanie byloby plytkie
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+\noindent\fcolorbox{accent}{accentlight}{%
+\begin{minipage}{.94\textwidth}
+\textbf{Inwariant K03.} Każdy żywy bufor ma dokładnie jednego właściciela.
+Obiekt po przeniesieniu jest pusty: \texttt{data()==nullptr} i
+\texttt{size()==0}.
+\end{minipage}}
+
+\section*{Najpierw diagnoza}
+
+\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{@{}p{4.2cm}X@{}}
+\toprule
+Operacja na V0 & Co może pójść źle? \\
+\midrule
+wyjście z zakresu & \blank{9cm} \\
+domyślna kopia wskaźnika & \blank{9cm} \\
+dodanie destruktora bez zakazu kopii & \blank{9cm} \\
+przypisanie do obiektu, który już ma bufor & \blank{9cm} \\
+\bottomrule
+\end{tabularx}
+
+\section*{Plan lekcji}
+
+\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{@{}p{1.5cm}p{3.0cm}X@{}}
+\toprule
+Czas & Tryb & Dowód \\
+\midrule
+0--5 & V0 & wyciek, płytka kopia, brak reguły właściciela \\
+5--11 & destruktor & \texttt{delete[]} prowadzi do \texttt{vPortFree()} \\
+11--17 & copy / move & copy usunięte; źródło po move jest puste \\
+17--25 & move assignment & \texttt{release -> take -> clear source} \\
+25--38 & Hazard3/GDB & ten sam adres A, zwolnienie B, heap wraca do baseline \\
+38--45 & ćwiczenie i wyjście & kolejność operacji oraz granica RAII \\
+\bottomrule
+\end{tabularx}
+
+\newpage
+\section{Co naprawdę posiada obiekt?}
+
+\begin{center}
+\texttt{VectorV1 object: [ elements\_=A | size\_=4 ]}
+\qquad$\longrightarrow$\qquad
+\texttt{heap\_4: [ A: 4 * double ]}
+\end{center}
+
+Obiekt ma dwa pola i może leżeć na stosie. Dane są osobnym blokiem w
+\texttt{ucHeap}. Destruktor zwalnia \emph{bufor}, nie pamięć samego obiektu.
+
+\subsection*{Pięć operacji właściciela}
+
+\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{@{}p{3.3cm}p{2.7cm}X@{}}
+\toprule
+Operacja & K03 & Powód \\
+\midrule
+destruktor & implementowany & zwalnia jedyny posiadany bufor \\
+copy constructor & \texttt{= delete} & płytka kopia stworzyłaby dwóch właścicieli \\
+copy assignment & \texttt{= delete} & ten sam problem oraz możliwa utrata starego celu \\
+move constructor & \texttt{noexcept} & przejmuje adres, czyści źródło \\
+move assignment & \texttt{noexcept} & najpierw zwalnia stary bufor celu \\
+\bottomrule
+\end{tabularx}
+
+\subsection*{Destruktor i stan pusty}
+
+\begin{lstlisting}
+~VectorV1() noexcept { release(); }
+
+void release() noexcept {
+    delete[] elements_;      // delete[] nullptr jest bezpieczne
+    elements_ = nullptr;
+    size_ = 0;
+}
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+\subsection*{Move constructor: nowy obiekt nie ma starego zasobu}
+
+\begin{lstlisting}
+VectorV1(VectorV1&& other) noexcept
+    : elements_{other.elements_}, size_{other.size_} {
+    other.elements_ = nullptr;
+    other.size_ = 0;
+}
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+\textbf{Predykcja.} Przed move: \texttt{source.elements\_=A}. Po move:
+
+\begin{center}
+\texttt{new.elements\_=\blank{1.5cm}}\qquad
+\texttt{source.elements\_=\blank{1.5cm}}\qquad
+liczba \texttt{delete[]} podczas samego move: \blank{1cm}
+\end{center}
+
+\vfill
+\noindent\textbf{Wniosek:} move przenosi prawo do późniejszego zwolnienia.
+Nie kopiuje bufora i nie alokuje drugiego.
+
+\newpage
+\section{Move assignment do zajętego celu}
+
+\begin{center}
+\texttt{source -> A}\qquad\texttt{destination -> B}\qquad $A\neq B$
+\end{center}
+
+Cel już posiada B. Wpisz numery 1--5 w jedynej bezpiecznej kolejności:
+
+\noindent\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{@{}p{1.5cm}X@{}}
+\toprule
+Kolejność & Operacja \\
+\midrule
+\blank{1cm} & \texttt{other.elements\_ = nullptr; other.size\_ = 0;} \\
+\blank{1cm} & \texttt{elements\_ = other.elements\_;} \\
+\blank{1cm} & sprawdź \texttt{this != \&other} \\
+\blank{1cm} & \texttt{release();} \\
+\blank{1cm} & \texttt{size\_ = other.size\_;} \\
+\bottomrule
+\end{tabularx}
+
+\subsection*{Sprawdź cztery błędne warianty}
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+  \item Najpierw nadpisz \texttt{elements\_} adresem A. Co stało się z B?
+  \item Po przejęciu A wykonaj \texttt{release()}. Który bufor zwolnisz?
+  \item Nie wyzeruj źródła. Ile obiektów uważa, że posiada A?
+  \item Pomiń kontrolę self-move. Co zrobi \texttt{x = move(x)}?
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\subsection*{Odsłonięcie po predykcji}
+
+\begin{lstlisting}
+if (this != &other) {
+    release();                    // free B
+    elements_ = other.elements_; // take A
+    size_ = other.size_;
+    other.elements_ = nullptr;   // source no longer owns A
+    other.size_ = 0;
+}
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+\section*{Most C++ $\rightarrow$ FreeRTOS C}
+
+\begin{center}
+\texttt{\~VectorV1 -> delete[] -> operator delete[] -> vPortFree}
+\end{center}
+
+Most alokacji definiuje komplet: \texttt{new}, \texttt{new[]}, zwykłe i
+tablicowe \texttt{delete}, każde w wariancie sized oraz unsized. Zwykłe
+\texttt{new} w tym profilu nie może zwrócić \texttt{nullptr}; błąd alokacji
+kończy się kontrolowanym fail-fast.
+
+\newpage
+\section{Hazard3/GDB: śledź A i B, nie nazwy zmiennych}
+
+\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
+make check
+riscv64-unknown-elf-gdb build/task01_vector_raii/prog.elf
+b vector_raii_debug_checkpoint
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+\noindent\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{@{}p{1cm}p{4.2cm}X@{}}
+\toprule
+STOP & Stan & Obowiązkowa obserwacja \\
+\midrule
+1 & baseline & \texttt{g\_initial\_free} zapisane \\
+2 & source ma A & allocation count = 1; A leży w \texttt{ucHeap} \\
+3 & source ma A, destination ma B & dwa różne adresy; free spadło \\
+4 & assignment wykonany & pierwszy free to B; destination ma A; source puste \\
+5 & move construction & final owner ma nadal A; destination puste \\
+6 & final owner poza zakresem & drugi free to A; free wróciło do baseline \\
+7 & wynik & allocations=2, frees=2, live=0, pass=1 \\
+\bottomrule
+\end{tabularx}
+
+\subsection*{Minimalny zestaw poleceń}
+
+\begin{lstlisting}
+p g_last_checkpoint
+p/x g_source_buffer_before_move
+p/x g_destination_old_buffer
+p/x g_destination_buffer_after_assignment
+p/x g_final_buffer_after_construction
+p g_cpp_allocation_count
+p g_cpp_deallocation_count
+p g_cpp_live_allocations
+p g_initial_free
+p g_after_two_owners_free
+p g_after_scope_free
+p g_minimum_ever_free
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+\section*{Relacje do wpisania}
+
+\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{@{}X p{4.2cm}@{}}
+\toprule
+Warunek & Odczyt / dowód \\
+\midrule
+\texttt{after\_two\_owners < initial} & \blank{4cm} \\
+\texttt{minimum\_ever <= after\_two\_owners} & \blank{4cm} \\
+\texttt{after\_scope == initial} & \blank{4cm} \\
+adres po assignment = A & \blank{4cm} \\
+adres po move construction = A & \blank{4cm} \\
+kolejność freed addresses = B, A & \blank{4cm} \\
+\bottomrule
+\end{tabularx}
+
+\newpage
+\section*{Wyjście — odpowiedz bez uruchamiania programu}
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+  \item Dlaczego samo dodanie destruktora do płytko kopiowalnego V0 pogarsza
+  błąd z wycieku do możliwego double free?\\[1.5em]
+  \item Dlaczego move assignment musi zwolnić B przed przejęciem A?\\[1.5em]
+  \item Dlaczego \texttt{other=nullptr} jest zmianą własności, a nie tylko
+  kosmetycznym „czyszczeniem”?\\[1.5em]
+  \item Kiedy destruktor C++ nie pomoże: normalny koniec zakresu czy wymuszone
+  usunięcie taska bez unwindingu?\\[1.5em]
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\section*{Zaliczenie}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+  \item $\square$ formułuję inwariant „jeden bufor --- jeden właściciel”;
+  \item $\square$ uzasadniam \texttt{copy = delete} i \texttt{move noexcept};
+  \item $\square$ układam \texttt{release -> take -> clear source};
+  \item $\square$ wskazuję A po obu move oraz B jako pierwszy zwolniony adres;
+  \item $\square$ pokazuję \texttt{allocations=2 frees=2 live=0};
+  \item $\square$ pokazuję \texttt{after\_scope == initial} i \texttt{pass=1};
+  \item $\square$ łączę \texttt{delete[] -> operator delete[] -> vPortFree()}.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\section*{Granica RAII}
+
+RAII działa wtedy, gdy kończy się czas życia obiektu zgodnie z regułami C++.
+Nie obiecuje automatycznego sprzątania po zaniku zasilania, zatrzymaniu systemu
+ani arbitralnym \texttt{vTaskDelete()} bez odwinięcia ramek C++. Dlatego późniejszy
+wrapper taska nie będzie ukrywał wymuszonego usunięcia w destruktorze.
+
+\vfill
+\noindent\textbf{Następna karta K04:} stany schedulera, priorytety, time slicing
+i typowane ticki. \texttt{VectorV1} pozostaje małym właścicielem pamięci; nie
+staje się jeszcze kontenerem o zmiennym rozmiarze ani allocator-aware.
+
+\end{document}