diff --git a/tools/render_card.py b/tools/render_card.py
index 95f6143..05063dc 100644
--- a/tools/render_card.py
+++ b/tools/render_card.py
@@ -3061,7 +3061,7 @@ def render_observation_5a_html(data: dict, section_number: int = 14) -> str:
     rows = []
     for row in obs.get("rows", []):
         cells = row.get("cells", [])
-        rows.append("".join(f"<td>{html_escape(text_5a(cell)) if cell else '<span class=\"write-box\"></span>'}</td>" for cell in cells))
+        rows.append("".join(f"<td>{html_or_write_box(cell, 'write-box')}</td>" for cell in cells))
     table = f'<table class="obs-table"><thead><tr>{headers}</tr></thead><tbody>' + "".join(f"<tr>{row}</tr>" for row in rows) + "</tbody></table>"
     return section_box_5a_html(section_number, obs.get("title", "Karta obserwacji"), table, "dense")
 
@@ -3072,7 +3072,7 @@ def render_troubleshooting_5a_html(data: dict, section_number: int = 15) -> str:
         f'<td>{html_escape(text_5a(row.get("symptom", "")))}</td>'
         f'<td>{html_escape(text_5a(row.get("hypothesis", "")))}</td>'
         f'<td>{html_escape(text_5a(row.get("action", "")))}</td>'
-        f'<td>{html_escape(text_5a(row.get("result", ""))) if row.get("result") else "<span class=\"write-box small\"></span>"}</td>'
+        f'<td>{html_or_write_box(row.get("result", ""), "write-box small")}</td>'
         '</tr>'
         for row in data.get("troubleshooting", [])
     )
@@ -3080,6 +3080,12 @@ def render_troubleshooting_5a_html(data: dict, section_number: int = 15) -> str:
     return section_box_5a_html(section_number, "Troubleshooting log", table, "dense")
 
 
+def html_or_write_box(value: object, class_name: str) -> str:
+    if value:
+        return html_escape(text_5a(value))
+    return f'<span class="{html_escape(class_name)}"></span>'
+
+
 def render_analysis_5a_html(data: dict, section_number: int = 16, line_count: int = 3) -> str:
     answer_lines = "".join("<i></i>" for _ in range(line_count))
     items = "".join(